Introduction to Quantum Optics

absorption According active atoms amplitude analogy associated Bloch sphere classical coefficients coherence functions coherent atomic commutation corresponding d²v damping defined density operator diagonal representation Dicke dipole discussion distribution effect eigenstates eigenvalue electric field energy equation of motion expectation value factor Fock Fokker-Planck equation Fourier transform frequency fully excited given hamiltonian harmonic oscillator Hilbert space initial intensity interaction inversion laser field linear approximation linewidth loss reservoirs n₂ nonlinear number of photons optical perturbation theory photon photon statistics Phys polarization population inversion pulse pumping quantized quantum theory R. J. Glauber radiation field radiation rate represents resonance result Schrödinger picture semiclassical semiclassical theory single mode solution spontaneous emission stationary Substituting superradiant superradiant emission t₁ taking theorem thermodynamic limit threshold two-level atoms variables vector velocity W. E. Lamb w₂ wave weight function width